Why Pipes Burst in Winter 

Water expands when it freezes. In most situations, this is just interesting physics trivia, but when you’re dealing with plumbing systems, it becomes a very practical concern. If the water inside your pipes freezes, the expansion can cause your pipes to burst. When that happens, you’re suddenly dealing with a broken plumbing system and a flooded home or building.   

Frozen pipe claims occur frequently. In fact, water damage and freezing accounted for 22.6% of all homeowners' insurance claims, with an average claim value of $15,400 in 2023, according to iii.org.  

When Pipes Are at Risk 

Pipes can freeze and burst any time the temperatures dip down to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or below. However, the colder it gets, the more likely frozen pipes become. Once the temperatures get down to around 20 degrees Fahrenheit or lower, the risk becomes greater.  

It’s possible during the day, but because nighttime temperatures are typically lower, the problem is exacerbated at night. You might go to bed thinking everything’s fine. Then the temperature plummets, and you wake up to a flooded property. 

Both metal and plastic pipes are vulnerable. Older pipes may have greater risks, both due to the material used and the impact of aging. Pipes that are exposed to outdoor temperatures, such as those located against exterior walls, and those in unheated areas like basements and garages, also have an increased risk. 

Those in Warmer Climates Should Pay Extra Attention 

It can seem counterintuitive, but regions that don’t normally see sub-freezing temperatures can actually have a greater risk.  

In colder climates, buildings are designed to withstand freezing weather, and this typically includes adequate insulation for pipes. In warmer climates where freezing is less of a concern, insulation may not be as robust. Property owners and managers in warmer climates tend to be less familiar with the problems associated with freezing properties, and they may not know how to prepare. When an unusual cold snap catches people by surprise, there may be a rash of frozen pipes. December 24th, 2022, was a Christmas Eve to remember.  Winter Storm Elliott brought freezing conditions across most of the Central and Eastern United States, resulting in widespread frozen pipes.  This led to local plumbers being overwhelmed, resulting in slower response times. 

Unoccupied Homes Are Especially Vulnerable 

Unoccupied homes, vacation properties, and short-term rentals are particularly vulnerable for a few reasons.  

• Temperature: Homeowners may turn off the heat while they are away to save energy. While this may seem like an easy way to reduce costs, it can backfire in a big way if frozen pipes lead to thousands of dollars in property damage.  

• Timing: If the pipes freeze, no one is around to notice. It could be hours or even days before someone realizes the pipes have burst, and with water damage, every minute that passes increases the damage to the property and the cost to fix it. In townhomes and condos, a slow response also increases the risk to neighboring units.  

It doesn’t take much time. Many people travel for the holidays, and some of them return to burst pipes. To prevent this, it’s important to leave the heat on while you’re away. It’s also smart to have a neighbor check on your place and take proper precautions if the temperature drops. 

Preventing and Responding to Frozen Pipes 

Before cold weather strikes, you can reduce the risk of frozen pipes by making sure your pipes are well insulated and all cracks are sealed. Heat tape is another way to keep pipes warm.   

If freezing weather is expected, disconnect outdoor hoses. For indoor faucets, let a little water drip. Yes, it will waste water, but a burst pipe will waste A LOT more water. Also, keep the thermostat at least 55 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, even if the home is unoccupied, and leave your cabinet doors open to let warm air circulate around the pipes.   

If your pipes freeze, prompt action is essential. Frozen pipes don’t always burst, so you may be able to thaw your pipes and avert disaster. In case a rupture occurs, make sure you know where all your shut-off valves are so you can turn the water supply off immediately.   

There’s one more thing you can do to prevent frozen pipes – spread the word. Download our Frozen Pipe Tip Sheet and share it with your neighbors to make sure they’re prepared. Homeowners and condo associations can also send out winter weather warnings and tips to help property owners avoid frozen pipes. 

Property insurance typically covers damage from frozen pipes, but avoiding losses can help keep insurance costs down for everyone. For additional information about your risks and appropriate coverage, contact Andrew Bateman with Alera Group today. 

Preventing Frozen Pipes in Your House, Townhome or Condominium Community  

Frozen pipes are a major risk for residential properties, including stand-alone homes, Townhomes, and condominiums. The risk is to Fire Sprinkler Systems, Outdoor water spickets, pipes in eaves, attics, basements, and crawl spaces. When frozen pipes burst, massive water damage can result, but with preparation, you can avert these costly wintertime disasters.